Settings Breakdown
Birds move fast and erratically. 1/2000s is minimum for sharp wings on most birds. Hummingbirds and small songbirds may need 1/4000s or faster.
Modern mirrorless cameras (Sony, Canon R, Nikon Z) have bird detection that tracks the eye automatically. This is a game-changer for bird photography.
Slightly stopped down from wide open gives a margin of error for focus. Birds change distance rapidly; f/6.3-8 provides more keeper rate than f/4.
With shutter locked at 1/2000s+, ISO needs flexibility. Set Auto ISO with a high limit (6400-12800). A sharp noisy image beats a blurry clean one.
Use your camera's fastest burst rate. At 10-20+ fps, you have more chances to capture wings at the right angle and the perfect moment.
Long lenses are essential. 100-400mm zooms offer flexibility; 500-600mm primes provide reach and sharpness. 1.4x teleconverters extend range.
Pro Tips
Both Eyes Open
Keep both eyes open while shooting. Use your non-dominant eye to spot birds entering the frame and track birds you lose from the viewfinder.
Pre-Focus on a Distance
If you know birds will fly past a certain point, pre-focus there. The AF can acquire faster from near-correct focus than from infinity.
Shoot Against Blue Sky
Clean backgrounds simplify AF tracking and make birds pop. Cluttered tree/foliage backgrounds confuse AF and create messy images.
Learn Flight Patterns
Birds often repeat flight paths from perch to perch, or circle thermals predictably. Observe behavior first, then position yourself for the shot.
Gimbal Head for Stability
Heavy telephoto lenses are tiring handheld. A gimbal tripod head balances the lens and allows smooth panning while supporting the weight.
Practice on Easy Targets
Start with slow-flying birds like herons, pelicans, or gulls. Build tracking skills before attempting fast songbirds or raptors.